CS580: Doc 4, Some Java GUI

	CS 580 Client-Server Spring Semester, 2004 Some Java GUI
	Previous Lecture Notes Index Next © 2004, All Rights Reserved, SDSU & Roger Whitney San Diego State University -- This page last updated 20-Jan-04

Reference:

CS 596 Java Programming On-line lecture notes, doc 24, 29, 31


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 2

Building GUIs - Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)

Types of things in AWT
Components

Basic UI things like

Buttons, Checkboxes, Choices,
Lists, Menus, and Text Fields
Scrollbars and Labels

Containers

Contain components and containers

Window

LayoutManagers

Position items in window

Graphics

Drawing on the screen

Events


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 3

Graphics 101
Window Coordinate System


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 4

First Example This example shows a simple application. Subclass Frame to get a window. The paint() method is called when window needs to be drawn. Do not call paint() directly. Becareful! You need to kill the process to quit this program.

import  java.awt.*;
class  HelloApplication  extends  Frame 
   {
   public  void  paint(  Graphics  display  )
      {
      int startX  =  30;
      int startY  =  40;
      display.drawString(  "Hello World", startX, startY  );
      }
   }
class Test
   {
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] )
      {
      HelloApplication  mainWindow = new  HelloApplication();
      int  width  =  150; // in pixels
      int  height  =  80;
      int left = 20; 
      int top = 40;
      mainWindow.setSize( width, height );
      mainWindow.setLocation( left, top);
      mainWindow.setTitle( "Hello" );
      mainWindow.show();
      }
   }


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 5

Hello Again This example uses a Text label instead of drawing text.

import  java.awt.*;
class  HelloLabel  extends  Frame 
   {
   public HelloLabel( int left, int top, int width, int height, String title )
      {
      super( title );
      setSize( width, height );
      setLocation( left, top);
      Label hello = new Label( "Hello World", Label.CENTER);
      add( hello, BorderLayout.CENTER );
      show();
      }
   }
class Test
   {
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] )
      {
      HelloLabel  mainWindow = new  HelloLabel( 20, 40, 150, 80, "Hi Dad");
      }
   }

.
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 6

Delegation Event Model

Event Sources

AWT items generate events (mouse down, mouse moved) that other AWT items must respond to.

Event Listeners

AWT items that must respond to events, need to "listen" the items that generate the events

Events

Event objects are created and sent to AWT listeners. The event objects contain information about the "event" that triggered the generation of the event object.


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 7

Example - Window EventsTypes of Events
windowActivated(WindowEvent)

Invoked when a window is activated.

windowClosed(WindowEvent)

Invoked when a window has been closed.

windowClosing(WindowEvent)

Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed.

windowDeactivated(WindowEvent)

Invoked when a window is de-activated.

windowDeiconified(WindowEvent)

Invoked when a window is de-iconified.

windowIconified(WindowEvent)

Invoked when a window is iconified.

windowOpened(WindowEvent)

Invoked when a window has been opened.


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 8

WindowEventMethods getWindow()

Returns the window where this event originated.

getComponent()

Returns the component where this event originated.

paramString()
consume()
getID()

Returns the event type.

getSource()
isConsumed()

Public Final Fields WINDOW_ACTIVATED

The window activated event type.

WINDOW_CLOSED

The window closed event type.

WINDOW_CLOSING

The window closing event type.

WINDOW_DEACTIVATED

The window deactivated event type.

WINDOW_DEICONIFIED

The window deiconified event type.

WINDOW_FIRST

Marks the first integer id for the range of window event ids.

WINDOW_ICONIFIED

The window iconified event type.

WINDOW_LAST

Marks the last integer id for the range of window event ids.

WINDOW_OPENED

The window opened event type.


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 9

Window Event Example

This example shows how to use a WindowListener to quit an application. Note that you cannot use System.exit(0) in an applet.

import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Label;
class QuitableApplication1 extends  Frame 
   {
   public QuitableApplication1( int left, int top, int width, int height, String title )
      {
      super( title );
      setSize( width, height );
      setLocation( left, top);
      Label hello = new Label( "Hello World", Label.CENTER);
      add( hello, BorderLayout.CENTER );
      addWindowListener( new QuitWindow( this ) );
      show();
      }
   }
class QuitWindow implements WindowListener
   {
   Frame myWindow;
   public QuitWindow( Frame aWindow )
      {
      myWindow = aWindow;
      }
   public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) 
      {
      myWindow.dispose();
      System.exit(0);
      }
      
   public void windowActivated(WindowEvent event) {};
   public void windowClosed(WindowEvent event) {};
   public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent event) {};
   public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent event) {};
   public void windowIconified(WindowEvent event) {};
   public void windowOpened(WindowEvent event) {};
   }
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 10

WindowAdapter The WindowAdapter class implements, with null methods, all the methods in the WindowListener interface. By subclassing the WindowAdapter class, you can just implement the WindowListener methods you need.


import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Label;
class QuitableApplication2 extends  Frame 
   {
   public QuitableApplication2( int left, int top, int width, int height, String title )
      {
      super( title );
      setSize( width, height );
      setLocation( left, top);
      Label hello = new Label( "Hello World", Label.CENTER);
      add( hello, BorderLayout.CENTER );
      addWindowListener( new QuitWindowAdapter( this ) );
      show();
      }
   }
class QuitWindowAdapter extends WindowAdapter
   {
   Frame myWindow;
   
   public QuitWindowAdapter( Frame aWindow )
      {
      myWindow = aWindow;
      }
      
   public void windowClosing( WindowEvent event )
      {
      myWindow.dispose();
      System.exit(0);
      }
   }
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 11

Using Anonymous Classes Using an anonymous class shortens the example. This use of anonymous classes is the main reason for adding them to the language.

import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Label;
class QuitableApplication3 extends  Frame 
   {
   public QuitableApplication3( int left, int top, int width, int height, String title )
      {
      super( title );
      setSize( width, height );
      setLocation( left, top);
      Label hello = new Label( "Hello World", Label.CENTER);
      add( hello, BorderLayout.CENTER );
      addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter( ) {
               public void windowClosing( WindowEvent event )
                  {
                  dispose();
                  System.exit(0);
                  }
               }
             );
      show();
      }
   }
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 12

Listening to Yourself This example shows how use an adapter to have a class listen to itself. This allows the class to handle its own events.

import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Label;
class QuitableApplication4 extends  Frame 
   {
   public QuitableApplication4( int left, int top, int width, int height, String title )
      {
      super( title );
      setSize( width, height );
      setLocation( left, top);
      Label hello = new Label( "Hello World", Label.CENTER);
      add( hello, BorderLayout.CENTER );
      addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter( ) {
               public void windowClosing( WindowEvent event )
                  {
                  quit();
                  }
               }
             );
      show();
      }
   public void quit() 
      {
      dispose();
      System.exit( 0 );
      }
   }
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 13

Overview of AWT Parts

Components
Components are basic UI things

Buttons, Checkboxes, Choices, Lists, Menus, and Text Fields

When a user activates one of these controls -- by clicking a button for example -- it posts generates an event.

Canvases and Text Areas

Ways of Getting User Input

Scrollbars and Labels


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 14

Component Classes


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 15

Containers: Windows and Panels
Containers contain components and containers

Window

Dialog, FileDialog, and Frame are subclasses of Window
Provide windows to contain components

Panels

Group components within an area of an existing window

Container Classes


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 16

Component

Background Color	void setBackground( Color) Color getBackground()
Bounds	void setBounds( Rectangle ) void setBounds( int, int, int, int ) Rectangle getBounds()
Cursor	void setCursor( Cursor ) Cursor getCursor()
Drop Target	void setDropTarget(DropTarget) DropTarget getDropTarget()
Enabled	void setEnabled( boolean) boolean getEnabled()
Font	void setFont(Font ) Font getFont()
Foreground Color	void setForeground( Color ) Color getForeground()
Locale	void setLocale(Locale ) Locale getLocale()
Location	void setLocation( Point ) void setLocation( int, int ) Point getLocation() Point getLocationOnScreen()
Name	void setName( String ) String getName()
Size	void setSize(Dimension ) Dimension getSize()
Visible	void setVisible(boolean) boolean getVisible()

Deprecated Methods
The get/set convention was not strictly followed in JDK 1.0. In JDK 1.1, the convention was strictly enforced. Consequently, there are many deprecated methods in the Component class and its subclasses.


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 17

Layouts
We need to specify where items will appear in a window. This has to be done on window that changes size and on different platforms: PC, Mac, Unix, PDA, toasters, and TVs. Layouts provide a flexible way to place items in a window without specifying coordinates.

AWT Layouts

BorderLayout
CardLayout
FlowLayout
GridBagLayout
GridLayout

BorderLayout Default layout for a frame
Divides area into named regions:

FlowLayout
Displays components left to right, top to bottom


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 18

Button Examples

We will use buttons to illustrate some basics of layouts, components, and events.

FlowLayout This example creates a FlowLayout that aligns its components to the left. "new FlowLayout()" will create a FlowLayout that centers its components. Note how the buttons in the window "flow" as the window's shape is changed.

import java.awt.*;
class  FlowLayoutExample  extends Frame  {
   
   public FlowLayoutExample( int  width, int height ) {
      setTitle( "Flow Example" );
      setSize( width, height );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout( FlowLayout.LEFT) );
      
      for ( int label = 1; label < 10; label++ )
         add( new Button( String.valueOf( label ) ) );
      show();
   }
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  FlowLayoutExample( 175, 100 );
   }
}


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 19

BorderLayout Since the BorderLayout is the default, we do not have to use the setLayout() method to specify the BorderLayout. It was done here just to insure that readers know that we are using the BorderLayout. Note how the layout deals the buttons as the window is resized.

import java.awt.*;

class  BorderLayoutExample  extends Frame  {
   
   public BorderLayoutExample( int  widthInPixels, 
                           int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "BorderLayout Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new BorderLayout() );
      
      add( new Button( "North" ), BorderLayout.NORTH );
      add( new Button( "Center" ), BorderLayout.CENTER );
      add( new Button( "East" ), BorderLayout.EAST );
      add( new Button( "West" ), BorderLayout.WEST );
      add(  new Button( "South" ), BorderLayout.SOUTH );
      show();
   }
   
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  BorderLayoutExample( 175, 100 );
   }
}


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 20

Button Events

Buttons support ActionListeners. When the mouse is pressed and released on a button, all listeners are send the actionPerformed() method. In this example we only need to know when the button was selected, so we do not use the ActionEvent.

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
class  ButtonExample  extends Frame {
   Button red = new Button( "Red" );
   Button blue = new Button( "Blue" );
   
   public ButtonExample( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "Button Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      add( red );
      add( blue );
      
      red.addActionListener( new ColorActionListener( Color.red) );
      blue.addActionListener( new ColorActionListener( Color.blue) );
      show();
   }
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ){
      ButtonExample  window = new  ButtonExample(200, 50);
      }
   
   class ColorActionListener implements ActionListener {
      Color backgroundColor;
      
      public ColorActionListener( Color aColor ) {
         backgroundColor = aColor;
      }
      
      public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event )  {
         setBackground( backgroundColor );
         repaint();      // Show effect of color change
      }
   }
}


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 21

Button ActionEvent This example, which takes two slides, show how to use the ActionEvent.

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
class  ActionEventDataExample  extends Frame
   {
   Button left = new Button( "Left" );
   Button right = new Button( "Right" );
   
   public ActionEventDataExample( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels )
      {
      setTitle( "Button Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      add( left );
      add( right );
      
      left.addActionListener( new ActionData( ) );
      right.addActionListener( new ActionData( ) );
      show();
      }
            
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ){
      ActionEventDataExample  window = 
         new  ActionEventDataExample(200, 50);
      }
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 22

Button ActionEvent Continued

   class ActionData implements ActionListener
      {
      public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) 
         {
         String command = event.getActionCommand();
         int modifiers = event.getModifiers();
         String parameters = event.paramString();
         System.out.println( "Command " + command);
         System.out.println( "Parameters " + parameters);
         
         switch ( modifiers )
            {
            case ActionEvent.ALT_MASK: 
               System.out.println( "Alt Key was pressed");
               break;
            case ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK: 
               System.out.println( "Control Key was pressed");
               break;
            case ActionEvent.META_MASK: 
               System.out.println( "Meta Key was pressed");
               break;
            case ActionEvent.SHIFT_MASK: 
               System.out.println( "Shift Key was pressed");
               break;
            default:
               System.out.println( "No modifier keys were pressed");
            }
         }
      }
   }

Output


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 23

Custom Buttons We can create subclasses of Button, which will add functionality to the basic Button class.

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
class CountButton extends Button implements ActionListener {
   int count = 0;
   
   public CountButton() {
      super( "0" );
      addActionListener( this );
   }
   
   public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event )  {
      if (event.getSource() == this ) {
         count++;
         setLabel( String.valueOf( count ) );
      }
   }
}
class  SpecialButtonExample  extends Frame {
   public SpecialButtonExample( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "Button Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      add( new CountButton() );
      
      show();
   }
            
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ){
      SpecialButtonExample  window = new  SpecialButtonExample(200, 50);
   }
}

Output (after a number of mouse clicks)


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 24

Containers

Panels

Panels allow use of one layout inside of another layout. A panel is a container, so it holds components. A panel has a layout. The default layout for all panels is FlowLayout. Mixing layouts increases the flexibility of layouts. In the example below, a panel full of buttons is added to the north region of a Borderlayout.

import java.awt.*;
class  PanelExample  extends Frame  {
   
   public PanelExample( int  widthInPixels, int h  eightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "Panel Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new BorderLayout() );
      
      Panel buttonDisplay = new Panel();
      buttonDisplay.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      
      for ( int label = 1; label < 6; label++ )
         buttonDisplay.add( new Button( String.valueOf( label )) );
      add( buttonDisplay, BorderLayout.NORTH );
      add( new Button( "Center" ) , BorderLayout.CENTER );
      add( new Scrollbar( Scrollbar.VERTICAL ), BorderLayout.EAST );
      add( new Scrollbar( Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL ) , BorderLayout.SOUTH );
      show();
   }
   
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  PanelExample( 175, 100 );
   }
}
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 25

Result of Panel Example

Note that the buttons do not wrap to second row of buttons event though they are in a FlowLayout! The FlowLayout is in north part of a BorderLayout. Only one row is available!


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 26

Label

Label provides a way to display text on the screen. It does not support any events other that those supported by the Component class.

Label Constructors
Label()

Constructs an empty label.

Label(String)

Constructs a new label with the specified String of text.

Label(String, int)

Constructs a new label with the specified String of text and the specified alignment.

Label Constants

CENTER

LEFT

RIGHT

Some Label Methods

addNotify()	paramString()
getAlignment()	setAlignment(int)
getText()	setText(String)


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 27

Label Example

class  LabelExample  extends Frame  {
      
   public LabelExample( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "Label Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new GridLayout(5, 1) );
      
      add( new Label( "Hi Mom" ) );
      add( new Label( "Hi Dad", Label.CENTER  ) );
      add( new Label( "Good Bye", Label.RIGHT ) );
      add( new Label( "Good Luck", Label.LEFT ) );
      Font largeFont = new Font( "TimesRoman", Font.ITALIC, 24 );
      Label largeText = new Label( "Large Font" );
      largeText.setFont( largeFont );
      add( largeText );
      show();
   }   
   
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  LabelExample(150, 100);
   }
}

Output


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 28

Button

Button supports the ActionEvent.

Component	Events	Meaning
Button	ActionEvent	Button clicked

Event Class	Listener Interface	Listener Methods
ActionEvent	ActionListener	actionPerformed()

We have seen buttons before. Here we set the font of a button.

class  ButtonTextExample  extends Frame  {
      
   public ButtonTextExample( int widthInPixels, int heightInPixels) {
      setTitle( "Button Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      
      Font largeFont = new Font( "TimesRoman", Font.ITALIC, 24 );
      Button largeText = new Button( "Large Font" );
      largeText.setFont( largeFont );
      add( largeText );
      show();
   }   
   
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  ButtonTextExample(150, 100);
   }
}


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 29

Choice - Drop-down Lists

Component	Events	Meaning
Choice	ItemEvent	Item selected or deselected

Event Class	Listener Interface	Listener Methods
ItemEvent	ItemListener	itemStateChanged()

Some Choice Methods

add(String)
addItem(String)
addItemListener(ItemListener)
removeItemListener(ItemListener)
getItem(int)
getItemCount()

getSelectedIndex() getSelectedItem()
getSelectedObjects()
insert(String, int)
paramString()
remove(int)

remove(String)
removeAll()
select(int)
select(String)


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 30

Choice Example

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class  ChoiceBoxes  extends Frame  {
   Choice directions = new Choice();
   
   public ChoiceBoxes( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "ChoiceBox Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      
      directions.addItem( "Left" );
      directions.addItem( "Right" );
      directions.addItem( "Up" );
      directions.addItem( "Down" );
      directions.addItemListener( new ChoiceListener() );
      add( directions );
      show();
   }
   class ChoiceListener implements ItemListener {
      int  count = 1;
      public void itemStateChanged( ItemEvent event ) {
         Choice selected = (Choice) event.getItemSelectable();
         int selectedIndex = selected.getSelectedIndex();
         String selectedText = selected.getSelectedItem();
         System.out.println( "Selected index: " +  selectedIndex);
         System.out.println( "Selected string: " + selectedText );
         selected.insert( String.valueOf( count++ ), selectedIndex );
         selected.remove( selectedText );
      }
   }
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) { new  ChoiceBoxes(200, 200); }
}
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 31

Choice Example ContinuedOutput


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 32

List

Component	Events	Meaning
List	ActionEvent	List item doubled clicked
	ItemEvent	List item selected or deselected

Event Class	Listener Interface	Listener Methods
ActionEvent	ActionListener	actionPerformed()
ItemEvent	ItemListener	itemStateChanged()

List Constructors
List()

Creates a new scrolling list initialized with no visible Lines or multiple selections.

List(int, boolean)

Creates a new scrolling list initialized with the specified number of visible lines and a boolean stating whether multiple selections are allowed or not.

List Methods

add(String)
add(String, int)
addActionListener(ActionListener)
addItem(String)
addItem(String, int)
addItemListener(ItemListener)
addNotify()
delItem(int)
deselect(int)
getItem(int)
getItemCount()
getItems()
getMinimumSize()

getMinimumSize(int)
getPreferredSize()
getPreferredSize(int)
getRows()
getSelectedIndex()
getSelectedIndexes()
getSelectedItem()
getSelectedItems()
getSelectedObjects()
getVisibleIndex()
isIndexSelected(int)
isMultipleMode()
makeVisible(int)

paramString()
remove(int)
remove(String)
removeActionListener(ActionListener)
removeAll()
removeItemListener(ItemListener)
removeNotify()
replaceItem(String, int)
select(int)
setMultipleMode(boolean)


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 33

List Example

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class  ListExample  extends Frame  {
   public ListExample( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "List Box Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      
      boolean areMultipleSelectionsAllowed = false;
      int numberDisplayed = 4;
      List directions = new List( numberDisplayed, 
                        areMultipleSelectionsAllowed );
      directions.addItem( "Left" );
      directions.addItem( "Right" );
      directions.addItem( "Up" );
      directions.addItem( "Down" );
      directions.addItemListener( new ListListener() );
      add( directions );
      show();
   }
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 34

List Example

   class ListListener implements ItemListener {
      public void itemStateChanged( ItemEvent event ) {
         List selected = (List) event.getItemSelectable();
         int selectedIndex = selected.getSelectedIndex();
         String selectedText = selected.getSelectedItem();
         System.out.println( "Selected index: " +  selectedIndex);
         System.out.println( "Selected string: " + selectedText );
      }
   }
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  ListExample(200, 100);
   }
}

Output


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 35

TextArea

A TextArea is a scrollable region that users can enter text. A TextArea can contain multiple rows and columns of text. The number of characters that can fit on one row depends on the font, font size and number of columns.

Component	Events	Meaning
TextComponent	TextEvent	User changed text

Event Class	Listener Interface	Listener Methods
TextEvent	TextListener	textValueChanged()

TextArea Constructors
TextArea()

Constructs a new TextArea.

TextArea(int, int)

Constructs a new TextArea with the specified number of rows and columns.

TextArea(String)

Constructs a new TextArea with the specified text displayed.

TextArea(String, int, int)

Constructs a new TextArea with the specified text and number of rows and columns.

TextArea Methods

addNotify() 
append(String) 
getColumns() 
getMinimumSize() 
getMinimumSize(int, int) 
getPreferredSize() 
getPreferredSize(int, int)

getRows() 
getScrollbarVisibility() 
insert(String, int) 
paramString() 
replaceRange(String, int, int) 
setColumns(int) 
setRows(int)


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 36

TextArea Example

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class  TextAreas  extends Frame  {
   TextArea userInput;
   Button done = new Button( "Done Typing" );
      
   public TextAreas( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "Text Area Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
      
      int numberOfLines = 3;
      int numberOfColumns = 30;
      userInput = new TextArea( numberOfLines, numberOfColumns );
      add( userInput );
      add( done );
      
      done.addActionListener( new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) {
               checkUserInput();
            }
         });
      show();
   }
   
   private void checkUserInput() {
      System.out.println( "You typed: " +  userInput.getText() );
      System.out.println( "Selected text>" + 
                         userInput.getSelectedText() +"<" );
      userInput.setText( "Hi Mom");
   }
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  TextAreas(300, 150);
   }
}
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 37

Output


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 38

TextField

A TextField is a region that users can enter text. A TextField contains only one row of text. The number of characters that can be seen in a TextField depends on the font, font size and number of columns.

Component	Events	Meaning
TextComponent	TextEvent	User changed text
TextField	ActionEvent	User finished editing text

Event Class	Listener Interface	Listener Methods
ActionEvent	ActionListener	actionPerformed()
TextEvent	TextListener	textValueChanged()

TextField Constructors TextField()

Constructs a new TextField.

TextField(int)

Constructs a new TextField initialized with the specified columns.

TextField(String)

Constructs a new TextField initialized with the specified text.

TextField(String, int)

Constructs a new TextField initialized with the specified text and columns.

Some TextField Methods

addActionListener(ActionListener)
removeActionListener(ActionListener)  
addNotify() 
echoCharIsSet() 
getColumns() 
getEchoChar() 
getMinimumSize()

getMinimumSize(int) getPreferredSize() 
getPreferredSize(int) 
paramString() 
setColumns(int) 
setEchoChar(char)


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 39

TextField Example

class  TextFieldExample  extends Frame  {
   TextField firstName;
   TextField lastName;
   Button done = new Button( "Done Typing" );
      
   public TextFieldExample( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "Text Field Example" );
      setSize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new GridLayout(3, 1) );
      
      int numberOfColumns = 10;
      firstName = new TextField(  numberOfColumns );
      Panel first = new Panel( new FlowLayout() );
      first.add( new Label( "First name", Label.RIGHT ));
      first.add( firstName );
      
      lastName = new TextField(  numberOfColumns );
      Panel last = new Panel( new FlowLayout() );
      last.add( new Label( "Last name", Label.RIGHT ) );
      last.add( lastName );
      
      Panel buttons = 
         new Panel( new FlowLayout( FlowLayout.CENTER));
      buttons.add( done );
      
      add( first );
      add( last );
      add( buttons );
      
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 40

TextField Example Continued

      // Called when user hits the enter key
      firstName.addActionListener( new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) {
               System.out.println( "Action Event " + 
                  event.getActionCommand() );
            }
         });
      // Called when button is pressed.
      done.addActionListener( new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) {
               System.out.println("Your name is: " + 
                     firstName.getText() +" " + lastName.getText() );
            }
         });
      show();
   }
   
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  TextFieldExample(300, 150);
   }
}


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 41

Dialogs

Dialogs can be either modal or nonmodal.

Modal
A modal dialog blocks:

Thread execution
Input to other windows

Dialog Constructors Dialog(Frame parent)

Constructs an initially invisible Dialog with an empty title.

Dialog(Frame parent, boolean modal)

Constructs an initially invisible Dialog with an empty title. If modal is true, then block input from the parent frame when dialog is shown.

Dialog(Frame parent, String title )

Constructs an initially invisible Dialog with a title.

Dialog(Frame parent, String title, boolean modal)

Constructs an initially invisible Dialog with a title. If modal is true, then block input from the parent frame when dialog is shown.

Some Dialog Methods

getTitle()
isModal()
isResizable()

paramString()
setModal(boolean)
setResizable(boolean)

setTitle(String)
show()


Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 42

Dialog Example On this slide, a LoginDialog class is defined. On the next slide, it is used.

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class  LoginDialog  extends Dialog  {
   TextField password;
   Button done = new Button( "OK" );
      
   public LoginDialog( Frame owner ) {
      super( owner, "Log in", true );
      setSize( 200, 100 );
      setLocation( 50, 50 );
      setLayout( new GridLayout(2, 1) );
      
      int numberOfColumns = 10;
      password = new TextField( numberOfColumns );
      password.setEchoChar( '*' );
      password = new TextField(  numberOfColumns );
      Panel first = new Panel( new FlowLayout() );
      first.add( new Label( "Password", Label.RIGHT ));
      first.add( password );
      
      Panel buttons = 
         new Panel( new FlowLayout( FlowLayout.CENTER));
      buttons.add( done );
      
      add( first );      add( buttons );
      done.addActionListener( new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) {
               setVisible(false);
            }
         });
   }
   public String getPassword() {   return password.getText(); }
}
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 43

Dialog Example Continued

class  DialogExample  extends Frame  {
   public DialogExample( int  widthInPixels, int heightInPixels ) {
      setTitle( "Text Validation Example" );
      resize( widthInPixels, heightInPixels );
      setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
            
      Button login = new Button( "Log in" );
      login.addActionListener( new Login() );
      add( login );
      show();
   }
   
   public  static  void  main( String  args[] ) {
      new  DialogExample(100, 50);
   }
   
   class Login implements ActionListener {
      public  void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) {
         LoginDialog passwordDialog = 
               new LoginDialog( DialogExample.this );
         passwordDialog.show(  );
         System.out.println( "Password is: " + 
            passwordDialog.getPassword() );
      }
   }
}
Doc 4, Some Java GUI Slide # 44

Dialog Example Continued

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